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Xenon Lights
Xenon (IPA: /ˈzɛnɒn, ˈziːnɒn/) is a chemical element that has the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. more...
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A colorless, heavy, odorless noble gas, xenon occurs in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts and was part of the first noble gas compound synthesized.
Notable characteristics
Xenon is a member of the zero-valence elements that are called noble or inert gases; however, "inert" may not be an entirely accurate description of this chemical series since at least 80 compounds of this noble gas have been synthesized. In a gas filled tube, xenon emits a blue glow when the gas is excited by electrical discharge. Using gigapascals of pressure, xenon has been forced into a metallic phase. Xenon can also form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.
Applications
This gas is most widely and most famously used in light-emitting devices called Xenon flash lamps, which are used in photographic flashes and stroboscopic lamps, to excite the active medium in lasers which then generate coherent light, to produce laser power for inertial confinement fusion, in bactericidal lamps (rarely), and in certain dermatological uses. Continuous, short-arc, high pressure Xenon arc lamps have a color temperature closely approximating noon sunlight and are used in solar simulators, typical 35mm and IMAX film projection systems, automotive HID headlights and other specialized uses. They are an excellent source of short wavelength ultraviolet radiation and they have intense emissions in the near infrared, which are used in some night vision systems. Other uses of Xenon:
Has been used as a general anesthetic, though it is expensive. Even so, anesthesia machines that can deliver Xenon are about to appear on the European market. Two kinds of mechanism have been proposed. The first one involves the inhibition of the calcium ATPase pump in synaptic plasma membranes, which results from a conformational change when xenon binds to nonpolar sites inside the protein. The second mechanism focuses on the non-specific interactions between the anesthetic and the lipid membrane.;
In nuclear energy applications it is used in bubble chambers, probes, and in other areas where a high molecular weight and inert nature is a desirable quality.;
Perxenates are used as oxidizing agents in analytical chemistry.;
The isotope 133Xe is useful as a radioisotope.;
Hyperpolarized MRI of the lungs and other tissues using 129Xe.;
Preferred fuel for Ion propulsion because of high atomic weight, ease of ionization, store as a liquid at near room temperature (but at high pressure) yet easily converts back into a gas to fuel the engine, inert nature makes it environmentally friendly and less corrosive to an ion engine than other fuels such as mercury or caesium. Europe's SMART-1 spacecraft utilized Xenon in its engines.;
Is used in protein crystallography. Applied at high pressure (~600 psi) to a protein crystal, xenon atoms bind in predominantly hydrophobic cavities, often creating a high quality, isomorphous, heavy-atom derivative..;
Xenon difluoride is used as an etchant for silicon, particularly in the production of microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS.;
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